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Evaluation of fibroblast proliferation and neovascularization in chronic wounds treated with negative pressure wound therapy
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate changes in the number of fibroblasts and neovascularization at the site of chronic wounds before and after negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT).
Subjects and methods: A prospective, longitudinal clinical trial was conducted on 35 patients aged ≥ 18 years with chronic wounds, who were hospitalized at the Wound Healing Center (National Burn Hospital) from May 2023 to April 2024. All patients received NPWT when indicated. Clinical outcomes (granulation tissue formation, epithelialization, wound size) and histological parameters (fibroblast and capillary counts) were assessed at three time points: before NPWT (T0), after 7 days (T1), and after 14 days (T2) of treatment.
Results: NPWT significantly improved local wound conditions, with healthier granulation tissue, enhanced epithelialization, and statistically significant reduction in wound size at days 07 and 14 (p < 0.05). The number of fibroblasts and newly formed capillaries increased progressively over time, with the highest values recorded at T2, showing significant differences compared to T0 and T1 (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: NPWT is effective in treating chronic wounds by promoting both histological and clinical healing processes. A treatment duration of 7-14 days with NPWT yielded better wound bed preparation and higher rates of successful primary surgical closure.
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Keywords
Negative pressure wound therapy, chronic wounds, fibroblasts, neovascularization
References
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