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Evaluation of quality of life in burn patients after rehabilitation interventions at the National Burn Hospital
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the quality of life (QoL) in burn patients after rehabilitation interventions. Subjects and Methods: This was a prospective, longitudinal, interventional study with a before-and-after comparison design. The Vietnamese-standardized EQ-5D-5L questionnaire was used to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This instrument was developed in 2017 by a collaborative research team from Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, and Umea University, Sweden. The EQ-5D-5L consists of five dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression), each with five levels of severity (5L). In addition, patients rated their current health status using the EQ-VAS (Visual Analogue Scale), ranging from 0 to 100.
Results: A total of 165 inpatients with deep burn injuries of the limbs were surveyed at the National Burn Hospital from June 2024 to May 2025. Among them, 77% were male and 23% were female, with a mean age of 40.43 ± 12.75 years. The majority of burns were caused by thermal agents (73.4%), followed by electrical burns (24.4%) and chemical burns (1.8%). The mean percentage of total deep burn surface area (%TBSA) was 8.34 ± 10.64.
Before the intervention, the mean EQ-5D-5L score was 21.7 ± 4.22, indicating a very low QoL. After 6 months of rehabilitation, the score significantly decreased to 7.62 ± 1.70, indicating a marked improvement in QoL, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Regarding the distribution of QoL levels, 121 patients were at level 5 (very low) before the intervention, but after 6 months, 146 patients improved to level 2 (high), and 10 patients reached level 1 (very high), accounting for 88.5% of the total sample.
The EQ-VAS scores, reflecting patients’ subjective perception of their health, also increased progressively over time. Correlation analysis showed that deep burn surface area was moderately positively correlated with EQ-5D-5L scores (r = 0.407–0.536) and moderately negatively correlated with EQ-VAS scores (r = –0.423 to –0.547) at all post-intervention time points (p < 0.001). Several factors influencing post-burn QoL were also identified and discussed.
Conclusions: Rehabilitation interventions significantly enhanced the quality of life of burn patients treated at the National Burn Hospital across all assessment dimensions and time points.
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Keywords
Quality of life, Burn patients, EQ-5D-5L questionnaire
References
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