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Describe the antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacteria and fungi isolated of severe burn patients treated at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the National Burn Hospital Le Huu Trac
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Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to describe the antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacteria and fungi isolated from clinical specimens of severe burn patients treated at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the National Burn Hospital Le Huu Trac in 2024.
Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from January to December 2024. All microbial isolates from blood, sputum, urine, and pus samples of severe burn patients admitted to the ICU were included. Microorganisms were identified and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using the Vitek 2 Compact system, and results were interpreted according to CLSI M100 (2023) guidelines. Data were analyzed using STATA 17.0.
Results: A total of 131 microbial isolates were identified, comprising Gram-negative bacteria (68.7%), Gram-positive bacteria (17.6%), and fungi (13.7%).
Acinetobacter baumannii (26.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.3%) were the predominant Gram-negative pathogens. Regarding antimicrobial resistance, 78.6% of A. baumannii isolates were resistant to meropenem and 85.7% were resistant to ceftazidime; 76.9% of K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to meropenem and 84.6% were resistant to ceftazidime. Among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, 50% showed resistance to ceftazidime and 100% to ciprofloxacin; however, they remained susceptible to colistin. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated Gram-positive pathogen, with most isolates retaining susceptibility to vancomycin and linezolid. Candida tropicalis accounted for 12.2% of isolates and exhibited a fluconazole resistance rate of up to 51.9%.
Conclusion: The study reveals alarmingly high levels of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial and fungal pathogens isolated from severe burn patients, particularly Gram-negative organisms and MRSA. These findings highlight the urgent need for regular antimicrobial surveillance, rational antibiotic use, and strict infection control measures in burn ICUs.
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Keywords
Severe burns, multidrug-resistant bacteria, antifungal resistance, MRSA, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida tropicalis, antimicrobial susceptibility testing
References
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